National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: anabolic-androgenic steroids.

Current trends in athletic training practice for concussion assessment and management.

CONTEXT Athletic trainers surveyed in 1999 demonstrated little consensus on the use of concussion grading scales and return-to-play criteria. Most relied on clinical examination or symptom checklists to evaluate athletes with concussion. OBJECTIVE To investigate the current trends of certified athletic trainers in concussion assessment and management. DESIGN Subjects were invited to partici...

American College of Sports Medicine. Position statement on the use and abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids in sports.

The Effect of Nandrolone Decanoate on the Body, Testis and Epididymis Weight and Semen Parameters in Adult Male Rats

Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, physical appearance and muscle mass. Therefore, the abuse of these steroids has been significantly increased. Many undesirable side effects of these steroids on the male reproductive function have been reported, however, little is known about their effects on sexual behavior and tissues o...

Self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroids use and musculoskeletal injuries: findings from the center for the study of retired athletes health survey of retired NFL players.

OBJECTIVE The relationship between musculoskeletal injuries and anabolic-androgenic steroids is not well understood. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroids use and the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in a unique group of retired professional football players. DESIGN A general health questionnaire was completed by 2...

National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes.

OBJECTIVE To present recommendations for athletic trainers and other allied health care professionals in the conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes. BACKGROUND Because ankle sprains are a common and often disabling injury in athletes, athletic trainers and other sports health care professionals must be able to implement the most current and evidence-supported trea...